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Melanin
Melanin is a natural substance that gives color (pigment) to hair, skin, and the iris of the eye. It is produced by cells in the skin called melanocytes.
There are two types of Melanin: Eumelanin and Pheomelanin. Eumelanin is found in hair, areola, and skin, and the hair colors grey, black, yellow, and brown. In humans, it is more abundant in people with dark skin.
There are two different types of Eumelanin. The two types are Black Eumelanin and Brown Eumelanin, with Black Melanin being darker than Brown. Black Eumelanin is mostly in non-Europeans and aged Europeans, while Brown Eumelanin is in mostly young Europeans.
A small amount of Black Eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes grey hair. A small amount of Brown Eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes yellow (blond) color hair.Pheomelanin is also found in hair and skin and is both in lighter-skinned humans and darker-skinned humans. Pheomelanin imparts a pink to red hue and, thus, is found in particularly large quantities in red hair. Pheomelanin is particularly concentrated in the lips, nipples, glans of the penis, and vagina.
In chemical terms, pheomelanin differs from eumelanin in that its oligomer structure incorporates benzothiazine and benzothiazole units that are produced, instead of DHI and DHICA, when the amino acid L-cysteine is present.
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Saint john festival bon fires
Unwelcome Visitor
Credit: CDC/ Dr. Stan Erlandsen
If this fellow is in your well water, don’t quench your thirst. This is a scanning electron microscope image of Giardia muris, a protozoan parasite that causes nasty diarrhea when it infects the intestines of its hosts.
Giardia has two phases in its life cycle: the cyst, a dormant phase, and the active trophozoite phase, seen here. People can contract the parasite by drinking water contaminated with cysts; from there, the parasite becomes active, with very unpleasant digestive results. Anti-parasite medication can help fight off these fierce freeloaders, which attach to the intestine lining (seen here in blue). The worm-like flagella seen in this image allow the trophozoites to swim freely in the host’s gut.
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thought rob would like this
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